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Real Estate Terminology: A Beginner's Complete Guide

Real estate has its own language. Understanding common terms and concepts helps you make informed decisions and communicate effectively with agents, brokers, and legal professionals.

Property Types and Features

  • Apartment/Flat: A self-contained housing unit within a larger building
  • Villa: A standalone house with private land, usually in a gated community
  • House: An independent residential building with attached land
  • Built-up Area: Total area including walls, balconies, and common areas
  • Carpet Area: Usable area excluding walls and common areas
  • Super Built-up Area: Built-up area plus share of common areas

Financial and Legal Terms

  • Down Payment: Initial cash payment towards property purchase (typically 20-30%)
  • EMI (Equated Monthly Installment): Monthly payment for home loan
  • Interest Rate: Cost of borrowing, typically 7-8% annually for home loans
  • Principal: The original loan amount borrowed
  • Stamp Duty: Tax paid to government on property purchase (5-10%)
  • Registration: Legal process of recording property ownership with government
  • Title Deed: Official document proving property ownership

Market and Investment Terms

  • Appreciation: Increase in property value over time
  • Depreciation: Decrease in property value
  • Cap Rate: Annual income divided by property value (investment metric)
  • Rental Yield: Annual rent as percentage of property price
  • Ready-to-Move: Property ready for immediate occupation
  • Under-Construction: Property still being built
  • Resale: Property sold by an individual owner, not the developer

Documentation Terms

  • NOC (No Objection Certificate): Document stating no legal claims on property
  • Encumbrance Certificate: Proof that property is free from debts and mortgages
  • Sale Deed: Legal agreement transferring property ownership
  • Possession Letter: Document giving right to occupy the property
  • Property Card: Official record issued by municipal corporation
  • Occupancy Certificate: Government approval for occupancy of building

Transaction and Process Terms

  • Offer Price: Amount offered to buy a property
  • Negotiation: Process of discussing and agreeing on price
  • Agreement for Sale: Preliminary agreement before formal sale deed
  • Possession Date: Date when buyer can move into property
  • Booking Amount: Initial payment to reserve property during construction
  • Brokerage: Commission paid to real estate agent (typically 1-2%)

Property Features

  • BHK: Bedroom-Hall-Kitchen configuration (e.g., 2BHK=2 bedrooms)
  • Balcony: Open outdoor space attached to living area
  • Common Area: Shared spaces like corridors, elevators, lobbies
  • Parking: Assigned or shared parking space
  • Amenities: Facilities like gym, pool, security, power backup

Location Terms

  • Locality: Specific neighborhood or area
  • Connectivity: Proximity to roads, public transport, highways
  • Micro-location: Specific street or building within locality
  • Pincode/Postal Code: Area code for mailing and identification
  • Vicinity: Nearby area with surrounding amenities

Common Abbreviations

  • BUA: Built-up Area
  • SBA: Super Built-up Area
  • CA: Carpet Area
  • RCC: Reinforced Cement Concrete
  • NPA: Non-Performing Asset (property with payment issues)
  • ROI: Return on Investment

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